Glossary

Quick definitions for the metrics and concepts you see in StockLrn.

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Company Overview
High-level context about what the company does and how it makes money.
Business
Revenue by Segment
Breakdown of revenue across products, geographies, or business lines.
Business
Yield Curve
A graph showing interest rates across different bond maturities.
economics
Financial Statements
Core reports that show profitability, balance sheet strength, and cash generation over time.
Financials
Income Statement
A report of revenue, expenses, and profit over a period (quarter or year).
Financials
Balance Sheet
A snapshot of assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time.
Financials
Cash Flow Statement
Tracks cash generated and used by operations, investing, and financing.
Financials
Revenue
The total sales a company earns during a period.
Financials
Net Income
Profit after all expenses, interest, and taxes.
Financials
EBITDA
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (a rough cash-earnings proxy).
Financials
EPS (Earnings Per Share)
Net income divided by shares outstanding; profit per share.
Financials
Net Profit Margin
Net income divided by revenue, shown as a percent.
Financials
Free Cash Flow (FCF)
Cash from operations minus capital expenditures; cash that can be used for buybacks, dividends, or debt.
Financials
Dividend Yield
Annual dividend payment divided by stock price, expressed as a percentage.
income
Index Fund
A fund designed to track the performance of a market index.
investing
Market Capitalization
Company value based on stock price × shares outstanding.
Market
Institutional Ownership
The portion of shares held by large institutions like mutual funds and asset managers.
Ownership
ETF Holdings
ETFs that hold a stock as part of their portfolio, often with an allocation weight.
Ownership
Alpha
A measure of investment performance relative to a benchmark.
performance
Analyst Ratings
Opinions from research analysts (e.g., Buy/Hold/Sell) and sometimes price targets.
Research
Beta
A measure of volatility compared to the overall market.
risk
Hedge
An investment made to reduce risk from adverse price movements.
risk
Leverage
The use of borrowed money to amplify potential returns.
risk
Volatility
The degree of variation in a stock's price over time.
risk
Moving Average
A technical indicator that smooths price data over a specific period.
technical
Resistance
A price level where selling pressure prevents further price increases.
technical
Support
A price level where buying pressure prevents further price declines.
technical
Liquidity
How easily an asset can be bought or sold without affecting price.
trading
Book Value
Net asset value calculated as total assets minus total liabilities.
valuation
P/E Ratio
Price-to-earnings ratio, a common valuation metric.
valuation